Risk Assessment of Telecommunication Industry †Free Sample

Question: Talk about theRisk Assessment of Telecommunication Industry. Answer: Presentation: EA Partners have chosen to face a challenge evaluation report and review plan and readiness of Mobile Australia Pvt Ltd, another firm beginning as assembling cum administration giving in the telecom and portable industry of Australia. The new contestant is constantly required to follow industry rules and standards for better endurance. The methodology of the new organization is extremely strong as not many organizations manage both assembling versatile set just as telecom specialist organization arrangement. Hazard Assessment: The hazard appraisal process remembers comprehension of the natural dangers for a media transmission and innovation organization. The hazard evaluation report on this firm is set up just because for dealing with its review plan and readiness. The business rivalry is the greatest hazard in the business separated from the inclusion of OTT (Over the Top) players. The new contestant is only one year old and hope to become quick in this new period of 4G and the approaching time of 5G which are still in early stage and the new companys target will be to develop and stay up with other enormous players in the Australian telecom and portable market like Optus, Telstra, Vodafone as specialist co-op and Apple, Samsung, Sony, Nokia, Microsoft, and so on (telecomitalia, 2016). The evaluation of the present market situation and development desire will uncover the business chance for the organization wile 4G LTE and 4G VoLTE administration is in offering from different significant administrators in the market. Appraisal of the capacity of new companys the board and especially the Board of Directors, an arrangement for chance evaluation and review plan and planning rule are to be executed. The market propose that the new organization should make the earn back the original investment inside next 3 years time to get a ground in the versatile market and specialist co-op. Natural Risk in the Business: The hazard appraisal made by the EA Partners group is to be paid attention to very as they should be investigated with right methodology. Subsequent to contemplating and contrasting and the telecom business it is seen that the accompanying regions are to be dealt with. The Risk Assessment Report including relief process along these lines arranged by EA Partners is as per the following The telecom goliaths in Australia like Optus and Vodafone and lost a noticeable piece of the pie from FY 2014 in spite of the fact that Telstra have held the business by one way or another in spite of the fact that the market is extremely stale in such circumstance the new organization needs to center to give something new in contrast with what the current players were given however in spite of that the market got bit stale as practically 86% of the Australian family is having Smartphones and advanced associations. Generally income developments have dropped by 1% for FY 2014. The new organization needs to set up a major battle by the method of broad push deals and making overall population mindful of their new passage in the effectively stale telecom industry despite the fact that the staleness is transitory stage. Relief for this situation to be finished by making the current endorser base easing back comprehend the zones where the huge players dont deal with yet new organization will do as such, consequently the making of chance is exhorted (willistowerswatson, 2016). The portable market have developed by 132% and there is awesome interest in spite of staleness which implies handset showcase is as yet blasting. The new organization is to take hard lines for advancement of their handset with bunches of advancement and complimentary gifts to get a considerable introductory piece of the pie where Samsung and Apple are the market chiefs in Australia. Moderation for this situation is to be finished by direct showcasing and advancement in forceful way. The current players like Telstra have 16 million supporters having 61% piece of the overall industry of income, Optus have 9.4 million endorsers and Vodafone have around 5 million supporters. The endorser base of Vodafone have dropped considerably from 7.6 million out of 2010 to 5 million of every 2014 as a result of system disappointments the supporters moved their base with others. Subsequently it is to be investigated by new organization that the new help in this manner to be given must be sans disappointment to the most extreme (Wigginton, 2015). The advertising should be exceptionally forceful by method of direct showcasing for giving broadband and WIFI which is extremely well known and popular. There must be something new in the bundle given according to the expectation and real interest of the supporters with different players. The media study by Deloitte in 2016 have mentioned certain objective facts which expresses that 25% of ladies have contribution in advanced amusement in internet based life while just 17% men are doing same. Along these lines it shows that use of good telecom supplier and versatile handset with all offices yet at sensible cost is required. Subsequently the market is especially there for the new organization to develop around there and it is recommended to focus on this client base broadly to make development and for the most part the age gatherings will 14-26, 27-32, 33-49 and 50-68 (dnvgl, 2012). This interest of internet based life is appearing extremely quick and sought after. The market for advanced mobile phones developed by half from 2015. 69% are extremely helpful on choice of their gadgets for the use of their advanced interest. Alleviation for this situation will be to utilize request of right gadget where the open door lies and can be effortlessly abused by the new organization (protiviti, 2012). The Deloitte concentrate additionally emphasized that web based life advanced interest is the key territories where cell phones are still in extraordinary interest thus the open door is open and better computerized administration is normal from all age gatherings. Alleviation for this situation will be to focus on the whole school going and office going client base by free assistance and better help. Hazard Assessment by Auditors: The underlying report by the EA accomplice senior examiner with full conversation with the group in regards to natural and current danger of the business is expressed underneath A point by point report is to be set up by the EA accomplices to analyze the development portion of the current players and the development technique of the new organization vis- - vis different players in the Australian telecom and versatile handset industry. A market review to be directed by the organization to evaluate the interest idea of various hand set and genuine interest or real desire for the general clients and a different overview to be led to discover the genuine encounter and genuine desires for the Australian clients from the telecom players existed (Ey, 2014). Their new desires are to be evaluated to discover the zone where the new organization can without much of a stretch spot itself in examination with the current players both in telecom industry and portable handset where as of now OTT players too new contestants from China, India are making advances in different world markets. The overview additionally needs to discover and fix a time period for promoting the new items with advancements and with what organization to be followed to make the acquaintance of the new items with the Australian existing business sector with right methodology of showcasing and deals advancement system (Spark, 2016). The following activity incorporates is to make arrangement and readiness of the review of the new organization so it tends to be surveyed to realize that whether the beginning up is the correct way or what amendments are required to make any unfortunate behavior right and to devise the correct advances (VIZCAYNO, 2012). The review plan and arrangement is to be founded on the accompanying organization To consider the whole archives arranged and the organizations followed. To contemplate the assembling arrangement techniques and the whole design arranging just as office format arranging is to be read for better office the executives. To examine the Marketing procedure followed throughout the previous one year to market and advancement of the new portable handset and administration gave. To examine the legal compliances followed and if any more to be done around there. To examine the Taxation compliances followed and if any procedure set up is defined for. To contemplate the whole work force subtleties if their ideal experience and capabilities are correct and as per the real prerequisite for the new organization to contend and endure the economic situations as the faculty assumes the most significant job in the development of any industry at all. The progressive system is to be concentrated additionally to see the correct position with showcase necessity for making an incredible advance in the whole Australian market. To contemplate the authoritative arrangement and rules detailed and followed for better and right working. To concentrate all advantages and liabilities are as per the real prerequisite and furthermore the records, preliminary parity, benefit and misfortune record and Balance Sheet is effectively arranged and all bookkeeping strategies are correct and with right bookkeeping bundle. To examine the most significant part of another business is to decide the expense and cost engaged with every activity or occupation work and to recommend negligible contribution to come to the breakeven in the briefest conceivable time by cost control from beginning stage (Sara Benolken, 2016). End: The said methodology are point by point to the whole group taking care of the review and hazard appraisal. The hazard regions are to be featured and the recommendations on control techniques are to be given to make this new firm increasingly suitable and continuing in the portable producer and specialist organization industry. The market isn't relied upon to give a gigantic benefit for the new participant due to authorizing standards and offering of the administration dependent on renting system. It is seen that on the off chance that the desires are satisfied, at that point the current endorsers will change their base with the new organization. Henceforth client certainty is the key factor for development. For this situation is additionally to be trailed by forceful promoting and focusing on a little however conceivable wronged client base who are not happy with existing players. References: Dnvgl, 2012. Key Sustainability Risks and Challenges in the Telecommunications Sector. [Online] blogs.dnvgl

Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Three Free Essays

string(94) worn it since I was toward the end in the Belikov house and had set it on the table close to the nazar. Shockingly, I couldn’t recollect where I’d felt it previously. Considering everything else that had been transpiring, the way that I’d even reviewed it at all was momentous. My recollections were somewhat dissipated, yet I put forth a valiant effort to filter through them, pondering where I had encountered that tickling in my mind. We will compose a custom exposition test on Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Three or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now I got no answers, and contemplating everything before long became as baffling as thinking of a break plan. What's more, as additional time passed, I understood I truly needed a getaway plan. The endorphin withdrawal was executing me, yet I was thinking increasingly more obviously as the impacts left my framework. I was amazed at how out of it I’d let myself become. When I’d permitted Dimitri to chomp me†¦ I’d self-destructed. I’d lost my higher thinking. I’d lost my quality and aptitudes. I’d become delicate and senseless and idiotic. All things considered, not so much. In the event that I’d totally lost it, I’d be a Strigoi now. There was some solace, at any rate, in realizing that even while high on chomps, some piece of me had still battled through and would not surrender. Knowing I wasn’t as completely powerless as I’d accepted helped prop me up. It made it simpler to overlook the longing in my body, to divert myself with awful TV and eating all the food in the little fridge. I even remained wakeful for quite a while with expectations of debilitating myself. It worked, and I slammed when I hit the cushion, floating into a dreamless lay down with no withdrawal impacts. I was stirred later when a body slid into bed adjacent to me. I opened my eyes and gazed directly into Dimitri’s red ones. Without precedent for days, I took a gander at him with dread, not love. I kept that off my face, however, and grinned at him. I connected and contacted his face. â€Å"You’re back. I missed you.† He got my hand and kissed my palm. â€Å"I had things to do.† The shadows moved all over, and I got the smallest look at dried blood close to his mouth. Frowning, I took it off with my finger. â€Å"So I see.† â€Å"It’s the normal request, Rose. How are you feeling?† â€Å"Better. Except†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"What?† I turned away, tangled once more. The look in his eyes simply then was more than basic interest. There was worry there-just a little-however it was there. Worry for me. But one minute prior, I’d cleaned blood from his face-blood from some destitute individual whose life had been snuffed out inside the most recent couple of hours, probably. â€Å"I was in Lissa’s head,† I said finally. There was no mischief in revealing to him this. Like Nathan, he realized she was at the Academy. â€Å"And†¦ I got pushed out.† â€Å"Pushed out?† â€Å"Yeah†¦ I was seeing through her eyes like I generally do, and afterward some force†¦ I don’t know, an imperceptible hand pushed me out. I’ve felt nothing like it.† â€Å"Maybe it’s another soul ability.† â€Å"Maybe. But, I’ve been watching her consistently, and I’ve never observed her training or even consider anything like that.† He shrugged marginally and put an arm around me. â€Å"Being stirred gives you better faculties and openness to the world. Be that as it may, it doesn’t make you omniscient. I don’t know why that happened to you.† â€Å"Clearly not omniscient, or, more than likely Nathan wouldn’t need data about her so gravely. Why would that be? For what reason are the Strigoi focused on slaughtering the illustrious lines? We know they’ve-you’ve-been doing it, however why? What does it make a difference? Isn’t a casualty a casualty particularly when a lot of Strigoi used to be imperial Moroi?† â€Å"That requires a muddled answer. An enormous piece of chasing Moroi eminence is dread. In your old world, eminence are held over all others. They get the best gatekeepers, the best protection.† Yes, that was surely evident. Lissa had found that much at Court. â€Å"If we can in any case get to them through that, at that point what does it say? It implies nobody is protected. It makes dread, and dread causes individuals to do absurd things. It makes them simpler prey.† â€Å"That’s horrible.† â€Å"Prey or-â€Å" â€Å"Yeah, better believe it, I know. Prey or predator.† His eyes limited somewhat, disliking the interference. He let it go. â€Å"There’s likewise an advantage to disentangling Moroi administration. That makes unsteadiness, too.† â€Å"Or possibly they’d be in an ideal situation with a difference in leadership,† I said. He gave me another odd look, and I was somewhat surprised myself. There I was, thinking like Victor Dashkov once more. I understood I should simply hush up. I wasn’t carrying on like my typical dispersed and high self. â€Å"What’s the rest?† â€Å"The rest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A grin bended up his lips. â€Å"The rest is esteem. We do it for its magnificence. For the notoriety it gives us and the fulfillment of knowing we’re answerable for devastating what others haven’t had the option to annihilate for centuries.† Basic Strigoi nature. Malevolence, chasing, and demise. There didn’t should be some other reasons. Dimitri’s look moved past me to my bedside table. It was the place I removed all my adornments around evening time and spread it out. Every one of his endowments were there, sparkling like some pirate’s treasure. Coming to over me, he lifted up the nazar on its chain. â€Å"You still have this.† â€Å"Yup. Not as lovely as your stuff, though.† Seeing the blue eye helped me to remember my mom. I hadn’t considered her in quite a while. Back in Baia, I’d developed to see Olena as an auxiliary mother, however now†¦ now I sort of wanted my own. Janine Hathaway probably won't cook and clean, yet she was savvy and able. What's more, here and there, I understood with a beginning, we thought the same. My qualities had originated from her, and I knew with sureness that in this circumstance, she wouldn’t have quit arranging escape. â€Å"This I haven’t seen before,† Dimitri said. He’d set the nazar withdraw and got the plain silver ring Mark had given me. I hadn’t worn it since I was toward the end in the Belikov house and had set it on the table close to the nazar. You read Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Three in classification Exposition models â€Å"I got it while I was-† I quit, acknowledging I hadn’t ever raised my movements before Novosibirsk. â€Å"While you were what?† â€Å"While I was in your old neighborhood. In Baia.† Dimitri was playing with the ring, moving it from fingertip to fingertip, yet he delayed and looked over at me when I said the name. â€Å"You were there?† Strangely, we hadn’t spoke much about that. I’d referenced Novosibirsk a couple of times, yet that was it. â€Å"I thought that’s where you’d be,† I clarified. â€Å"I didn’t realize that Strigoi did their chasing in urban communities here. I remained with your family.† His eyes came back to the ring. He kept playing with it, whirling it and moving it around. â€Å"And?† â€Å"And†¦ they were decent. I preferred them. I spent time with Viktoria a lot.† â€Å"Why wasn’t she at school?† â€Å"It was Easter.† â€Å"Ah, right. How was she?† â€Å"Fine,† I said rapidly. I couldn’t force myself to educate him regarding that last night with her and Rolan. â€Å"Karolina’s great as well. She helps me to remember you. She truly laid into some dhampir folks who were causing trouble.† He grinned once more, and it was†¦ decent. That is to say, the teeth despite everything made it frightening, yet it didn’t have that vile edge I’d generally expect. There was affection in his face, genuine friendship that frightened me. â€Å"I can see Karolina doing that. Did she have her infant yet?† â€Å"Yeah†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I was still somewhat lost by that grin. â€Å"It was a young lady. Zoya.† â€Å"Zoya,† he rehashed, still not taking a gander at me. â€Å"Not a terrible name. How was Sonya?† â€Å"Okay. I didn’t see a lot of her. She’s a little touchy†¦ Viktoria says it’s in light of the pregnancy.† â€Å"Sonya’s pregnant too?† â€Å"Oh. Better believe it. A half year, I think.† His grin darkened a tad, and he nearly appeared to be concerned. â€Å"I assume it needed to happen at some point or another. Her choices aren’t consistently as astute as Karolina’s. Karolina’s youngsters were by choice†¦ I’m speculating Sonya’s was a surprise.† â€Å"Yeah. I sort of got that feeling too.† He ticked off the remainder of his relatives. â€Å"My mother and grandmother?† â€Å"Er, fine. Both of them.† This discussion was getting progressively weird. Not exclusively was it the main ordinary one we’d had since I’d shown up, it was additionally the first run through he’d truly appeared to be keen on whatever wasn’t Strigoi related or that didn’t include kissing and gnawing, beside some thinking back about our initial battles together-and the prodding tokens of sex in the lodge. â€Å"Your grandma terrified me a little.† He snickered, and I winced. It was in this way, so near his old giggle. Closer than I’d ever envisioned it could be. â€Å"Yes, she does that to people.† â€Å"And she claimed not to communicate in English.† That was a quite little detail all in all, however it still sort of irritated me. â€Å"Yes, she does that too.† He kept grinning, voice affectionate. â€Å"Do they all despite everything live respectively? In that equivalent house??

50 Must-Read Memoirs to Make You Feel

50 Must-Read Memoirs to Make You Feel This list of must-read memoirs to make you feel  is sponsored by  Monkfish Publishing. Part memoir, part inspiring guide, Spiritual Rebel urges, “How can we uncover the most meaning in our lives?” Through powerful, thought-provoking anecdotes, Sarah confesses her challenges with her birth religion, descent into addiction, and recovery into a life where everything can be sacred, offering readers easy practices for experiencing more meaningful moments in their own lives. “Sarah’s experience will resonate with so many who, like me, have experienced religious trauma and yet still yearn for a deeper connection. The daily practices are practical, powerful, and enlightening.” â€" Karla Kamstra Sometimes, when everything feels a little too much, theres nothing like a good, cathartic cry to clear your head. One great way to do that is to read one of these amazing memoirs. Theyre stories of birth, illness, loss, addiction, war, and more, that will help you to appreciate what you have, and also kick you right in your feels. These are thoughtful, insightful, tremendously well-written books that will stick to your hearts rib cage for a long while. (Thats a good thing.) (Ive included a brief description from the publisher with each title. Tell us in the comments about which of these you’ve read or other contemporary essay collections that you love. There are a LOT of them. Yay, books!) Paula: A Memoir by Isabel Allende When Isabel Allendes daughter, Paula, became gravely ill and fell into a coma, the author began to write the story of her family for her unconscious child. In the telling, bizarre ancestors appear before our eyes; we hear both delightful and bitter childhood memories, amazing anecdotes of youthful years, and the most intimate secrets passed along in whispers. The Diving Bell and the Butterfly: A Memoir of Life in Death by Jean-Dominique Bauby, Jeremy Leggatt (translator) After 20 days in a coma, Bauby awoke into a body which had all but stopped working: only his left eye functioned, allowing him to see and, by blinking it, to make clear that his mind was unimpaired. Almost miraculously, he was soon able to express himself in the richest detail: dictating a word at a time, blinking to select each letter as the alphabet was recited to him slowly, over and over again. A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier by Ishmael Beah This is how wars are fought now: by children, hopped-up on drugs and wielding AK-47s. Children have become soldiers of choice. In the more than fifty conflicts going on worldwide, it is estimated that there are some 300,000 child soldiers. Ishmael Beah used to be one of them. The Day That Went Missing: A Familys Story by Richard Beard Nearly forty years later, Richard, an acclaimed novelist, is haunted by the missing piece of his childhood, the unexpressed and unacknowledged grief at his core. He doesnt even know the date of his brothers death or the name of the beach where the tragedy occurred. Lifes That Way: A Memoir by Jim Beaver Jim Beaver and his wife Cecily Adams appeared to have it all-following years of fertility treatments, they were finally parents and they were building their dream home and successful Hollywood careers. Life was good. But then their daughter, Maddie, was diagnosed as autistic. Weeks later, Cecily, a non-smoker, was diagnosed with Stage IV lung cancer. Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic by Alison Bechdel Meet Alisons father, a historic preservation expert and obsessive restorer of the familys Victorian home, a third-generation funeral home director, a high school English teacher, an icily distant parent, and a closeted homosexual who, as it turns out, is involved with his male students and a family babysitter. Fire Shut Up in My Bones by Charles Blow The story of how Charles escaped that world to become one of America’s most innovative and respected public figures is a stirring, redemptive journey that works its way into the deepest chambers of the heart. Lets Take the Long Way Home: A Memoir of Friendship by Gail Caldwell “It’s an old, old story: I had a friend and we shared everything, and then she died and so we shared that, too.”  So begins this gorgeous memoir by Pulitzer Prize winner Gail Caldwell, a testament to the power of friendship, a story of how an extraordinary bond between two women can illuminate the loneliest, funniest, hardest moments in life, including the final and ultimate challenge. Tragedy Plus Time: A Tragi-comic Memoir by Adam Cayton-Holland When Adam sunk into a deep depression in college, it was Lydia who was able to reach him and pull him out. But years later as Adam’s career takes off, Lydia’s own depression overtakes her, and, though he tries, Adam can’t return the favor. When she takes her own life, the family is devastated, and Adam throws himself into his stand-up, drinking, and rage. Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China by Jung Chang As the story of each generation unfolds, Chang captures in gripping, movingâ€"and ultimately upliftingâ€"detail the cycles of violent drama visited on her own family and millions of others caught in the whirlwind of history. How to Write an Autobiographical Novel: Essays by Alexander Chee How to Write an Autobiographical Novel  is the author’s manifesto on the entangling of life, literature, and politics, and how the lessons learned from a life spent reading and writing fiction have changed him. In these essays, he grows from student to teacher, reader to writer, and reckons with his identities as a son, a gay man, a Korean American, an artist, an activist, a lover, and a friend. Boy Erased: A Memoir of Identity, Faith, and Family by Garrard Conley When Garrard was a nineteen-year-old college student, he was outed to his parents, and was forced to make a life-changing decision: either agree to attend a church-supported conversion therapy program that promised to cure him of homosexuality; or risk losing family, friends, and the God he had prayed to every day of his life. Brother, Im Dying by Edwidge Danticat As Edwidge made a life in a new country, adjusting to being far away from so many who she loved, she and her family continued to fear for the safety of those still in Haiti as the political situation deteriorated. Wave by Sonali Deraniyagala In 2004, at a beach resort on the coast of Sri Lanka, Sonali Deraniyagala and her familyâ€"parents, husband, sonsâ€"were swept away by a tsunami.  Only Sonali survived to tell their tale. This is her account of the nearly incomprehensible event and its aftermath. The Year of Magical Thinking by Joan Didion From one of America’s iconic writers, a stunning book of electric honesty and passion. Joan Didion explores an intensely personal yet universal experience: a portrait of a marriageand a life, in good times and badthat will speak to anyone who has ever loved a husband or wife or child. What My Mother and I Dont Talk About: Fifteen Writers Break the Silence by Michele Filgate As an undergraduate, Michele Filgate started writing an essay about being abused by her stepfather. It took her more than a decade to realize what she was actually trying to write: how this affected her relationship with her mother. When it was finally published, the essay went viral, shared on social media by Anne Lamott, Rebecca Solnit, and many others. The outpouring of responses gave Filgate an idea, and the resulting anthology offers a candid look at our relationships with our mothers. Finding Fish: A Memoir by Antwone Q. Fisher Baby Boy Fisher was raised in institutions from the moment of his birth in prison to a single mother. He ultimately came to live with a foster family, where he endured near-constant verbal and physical abuse. In his mid-teens he escaped and enlisted in the navy, where he became a man of the world, raised by the family he created for himself. Hunger: A Memoir of (My) Body by Roxane Gay As a woman who describes her own body as “wildly undisciplined,” Roxane understands the tension between desire and denial, between self-comfort and self-care. In  Hunger,  she explores her pastâ€"including the devastating act of violence that acted as a turning point in her young lifeâ€"and brings readers along on her journey to understand and ultimately save herself. Good-Bye to All That: An Autobiography by Robert Graves Tracing his upbringing from his solidly middle-class Victorian childhood through his entry into the war at age twenty-one as a patriotic captain in the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, this dramatic, poignant, often wry autobiography goes on to depict the horrors and disillusionment of the Great War, from life in the trenches and the loss of dear friends, to the stupidity of government bureaucracy and the absurdity of English class stratification. Autobiography of a Face by Lucy Grealy It took Lucy Grealy twenty years of living with a distorted self-image and more than thirty reconstructive procedures before she could come to terms with her appearance after childhood cancer and surgery that left her jaw disfigured. Once More We Saw Stars: A Memoir by Jayson Greene As the book opens: two-year-old Greta Greene is sitting with her grandmother on a park bench on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. A brick crumbles from a windowsill overhead, striking her unconscious, and she is immediately rushed to the hospital. In the Country We Love: My Family Divided by Diane Guerrero Diane Guerrero, the television actress from the megahit  Orange is the New Black  and  Jane the Virgin, was just fourteen years old on the day her parents were detained and deported while she was at school. Rosalie Lightning: A Graphic Memoir by Tom Hart Hart creatively portrays the solace he discovers in nature, philosophy, great works of literature, and art across all mediums in this expressively honest and loving tribute to his baby girl.  Rosalie Lighting  is a graphic masterpiece chronicling a fathers undying love. The Book of My Lives by Aleksandar Hemon At the age of twenty-seven, Hemon journeyed to Chicago?a trip that would mark the beginning of another life, this time in the United States. There, he watched from afar as war broke out in Bosnia, his parents and sister fleeing, and Hemon himself unable to return. The Sun Does Shine: How I Found Life, Freedom, and Justice by Anthony Ray Hinton In 1985, Anthony Ray Hinton was arrested and charged with two counts of capital murder in Alabama. Stunned, confused, and only twenty-nine years old, Hinton knew that it was a case of mistaken identity and believed that the truth would prove his innocence and ultimately set him free. Brothers of the Gun: A Memoir of the Syrian War by Marwan Hisham and Molly Crabapple A bracingly immediate memoir by a young man coming of age during the Syrian war, an intimate lens on the century’s bloodiest conflict, and a profound meditation on kinship, home, and freedom. Vacationland: True Stories from Painful Beaches by John Hodgman Though wildly, Hodgmaniacally funny as usual, it is also a poignant and sincere account of one human facing his forties, those years when men in particular must stop pretending to be the children of bright potential they were and settle into the failing bodies of the wiser, weird dads that they are. When Breath Becomes Air by Paul Kalanithi When Breath Becomes Air  chronicles Kalanithi’s transformation from a naïve medical student “possessed,” as he wrote, “by the question of what, given that all organisms die, makes a virtuous and meaningful life” into a neurosurgeon at Stanford working in the brain, the most critical place for human identity, and finally into a patient and new father confronting his own mortality. The Liars Club: A Memoir by Mary Karr Karr’s comic childhood in an east Texas oil town brings us characters as darkly hilarious as any of J. D. Salinger’sâ€"a hard-drinking daddy, a sister who can talk down the sheriff at age twelve, and an oft-married mother whose accumulated secrets threaten to destroy them all. Drinking: A Love Story by Caroline Knapp Caroline had her first drink at fourteen. She drank through her yeras at an Ivy League college, and through an award-winning career as an editor and columnist. Publicly she was a dutiful daughter, a sophisticated professional. Privately she was drinking herself into oblivion. This startlingly honest memoir lays bare the secrecy, family myths, and destructive relationships that go hand in hand with drinking. Heavy: An American Memoir by Kiese Laymon In  Heavy, Laymon writes eloquently and honestly about growing up a hard-headed black son to a complicated and brilliant black mother in Jackson, Mississippi. From his early experiences of sexual violence, to his suspension from college, to his trek to New York as a young college professor, Laymon charts his complex relationship with his mother, grandmother, anorexia, obesity, sex, writing, and ultimately gambling. Dear Friend, from My Life I Write to You in Your Life by Yiyun Li Yiyun Li grew up in China and has spent her adult life as an immigrant in a country not her own. She has been a scientist, an author, a mother, a daughterâ€"and through it all she has been sustained by a profound connection with the writers and books she loves. From William Trevor and Katherine Mansfield to Søren Kierkegaard and Philip Larkin,  Dear Friend  is a journey through the deepest themes that bind these writers together. Heart Berries: A Memoir by Terese Marie Mailhot Heart Berries  is a powerful, poetic memoir of a womans coming of age on the Seabird Island Band in the Pacific Northwest. Having survived a profoundly dysfunctional upbringing only to find herself hospitalized and facing a dual diagnosis of post traumatic stress disorder and bipolar II disorder; Terese Marie Mailhot is given a notebook and begins to write her way out of trauma. An Exact Replica of a Figment of My Imagination: A Memoir by Elizabeth McCracken In her ninth month of pregnancy, she learned that her baby boy had died. How do you deal with and recover from this kind of loss? Of course you dontbut you go on. And if you have ever experienced loss or love someone who has, the company of this remarkable book will help you go on. Its Okay to Laugh: (Crying Is Cool Too) by Nora McInerny Purmort This is for people who aren’t sure if they’re saying or doing the right thing (you’re not, but nobody is). This is for people who had their life turned upside down and just learned to live that way. For people who have laughed at a funeral or cried in a grocery store. This is for everyone who wondered what exactly they’re supposed to be doing with their one wild and precious life. The Book of Resting Places: A Personal History of Where We Lay the Dead by Thomas Mira y Lopez In the aftermath of his father’s untimely death and his family’s indecision over what to do with the remains, Thomas Mira y Lopez became obsessed with the type and variety of places where we lay the dead to rest. The result is a singular collection of essays that weaves together history, mythology, journalism, and personal narrative into the author’s search for a place to process grief. Redefining Realness: My Path to Womanhood, Identity, Love So Much More by Janet Mock With unflinching honesty and moving prose, Janet Mock relays her experiences of growing up young, multiracial, poor, and trans in America, offering readers accessible language while imparting vital insight about the unique challenges and vulnerabilities of a marginalized and misunderstood population. The Long Goodbye: A Memoir by Meghan ORourke What does it mean to mourn today, in a culture that has largely set aside rituals that acknowledge grief? After her mother died of cancer at the age of fifty-five, Meghan ORourke found that nothing had prepared her for the intensity of her sorrow. Her: A Memoir by Christa Parravani A few years after Cara was gone, Christa read that when an identical twin dies, regardless of the cause, 50 percent of the time the surviving twin dies within two years; and this shocking statistic rang true to her. Flip a coin, she thought, those were my chances of survival. Barefoot to Avalon: A Brothers Story by David Payne In 2000, while moving his household from Vermont to North Carolina, David Payne watched from his rearview mirror as his younger brother, George A., driving behind him in a two-man convoy of rental trucks, lost control of his vehicle, fishtailed, flipped over in the road, and died instantly. Soon thereafter, David’s life hit a downward spiral. Poor Your Soul by Mira Ptacin At twenty-eight, Mira Ptacin discovered she was pregnant. Though it was unplanned, she embraced the idea of starting a family and became engaged to Andrew, the father. Five months later, an ultrasound revealed that her child would be born with a constellation of birth defects and no chance of survival outside the womb. Inheritance: A Memoir of Genealogy, Paternity, and Love by Dani Shapiro In the spring of 2016, through a genealogy website to which she had whimsically submitted her DNA for analysis, Dani Shapiro received the stunning news that her father was not her biological father. She woke up one morning and her entire historythe life she had livedcrumbled beneath her. Beautiful Boy: A Fathers Journey Through His Sons Addiction by David Sheff What had happened to my beautiful boy? To our family? What did I do wrong? Those are the wrenching questions that haunted David Sheff’s journey through his son Nic’s addiction to drugs and tentative steps toward recovery. My Grandfather Would Have Shot Me: A Black Woman Discovers Her Familys Nazi Past by Jennifer Teege, Nikola Sellmair At age 38, Jennifer Teege happened to pluck a library book from the shelfâ€"and discovered a horrifying fact: Her grandfather was Amon Goeth, the vicious Nazi commandant depicted in  Schindler’s List. Reviled as the “butcher of Plaszów,” Goeth was executed in 1946. The more Teege learned about him, the more certain she became: If her grandfather had met herâ€"a black womanâ€"he would have killed her. First They Killed My Father: A Daughter of Cambodia Remembers by Loung Ung Then, in April 1975, Pol Pots Khmer Rouge army stormed into the city, forcing Ungs family to flee and, eventually, to disperse. Loung was trained as a child soldier in a work camp for orphans, her siblings were sent to labor camps, and those who survived the horrors would not be reunited until the Khmer Rouge was destroyed. The Glass Castle: A Memoir by Jeannette Walls When sober, Jeannette’s brilliant and charismatic father captured his children’s imagination, teaching them physics, geology, and how to embrace life fearlessly. But when he drank, he was dishonest and destructive. Her mother was a free spirit who abhorred the idea of domesticity and didn’t want the responsibility of raising a family. Men We Reaped: A Memoir by Jesmyn Ward In five years, Jesmyn Ward lost five young men in her life?to drugs, accidents, suicide, and the bad luck that can follow people who live in poverty, particularly black men. Dealing with these losses, one after another, made Jesmyn ask the question: Why? And as she began to write about the experience of living through all the dying, she realized the truth?and it took her breath away. Everything Is Horrible and Wonderful: A Tragicomic Memoir of Genius, Heroin, Love, and Loss by Stephanie Wittels Wachs n beautiful, unsentimental, and surprisingly funny prose, Stephanie Wittels Wachs alternates between her brothers struggle with addiction, which she learned about three days before her wedding, and the first year after his death, in all its emotional devastation. Chinese Cinderella: The True Story of an Unwanted Daughter by Adeline Yen Mah Adelines affluent, powerful family considers her bad luck after her mother dies giving birth to her, and life does not get any easier when her father remarries. Adeline and her siblings are subjected to the disdain of her stepmother, while her stepbrother and stepsister are spoiled with gifts and attention. The Unwinding of the Miracle: A Memoir of Life, Death, and Everything That Comes After by Julie Yip-Williams That Julie Yip-Williams survived infancy was a miracle. Born blind in Vietnam, she narrowly escaped euthanasia at the hands of her grandmother, only to flee with her family the political upheaval of her country in the late 1970s.

The Problem Of Cloud Technology - 1211 Words

1. Introduction Cloud technology is attracting increasing attention from industry and scientific areas. It has been treated as one of the most important technologies and shown promising future. Cloud is the technology to provide a quick, secure, convenient net computing and data storage service and implemented over the Internet, which is capable of sharing a pool of configurable computing resources with on-demand network access. Cloud technology provides various specific services such as software application, data storage, hardware, and infrastructure. People access Cloud via the internet through web browsers to finish on-demand services, while this was implemented on traditional deploying on-premises servers in old days. Although†¦show more content†¦To achieve the objective above, we need to study how Cloud work internally and externally, what the vulnerabilities and threats are in Cloud, and how to prevent an attack by exploiting the vulnerabilities. Additionally, discussion of specif ic countermeasures for the vulnerabilities and threats is necessary. Fragmentation-redundancy-scattering (FRS), Digital signatures, Homomorphic encryption, and Encryption will be introduced in order to prevent attacks regarding threats and vulnerabilities of Cloud technology. 2. Layers Technically, Cloud is as a term of a platform, it provides, configures and reconfigures servers while the servers could be virtual machines and physical machines. Additionally, Cloud is also as a term of applications that are described as to be accessible over the internet based on the support from powerful servers and large data centers. Therefore, Cloud is quite different from traditional computing paradigms because of its scalable. Cloud is an abstract entity to supply different levels of services. Shown by figure 1, Cloud is typically providing three types of services: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Figure 1: A layered model of Cloud Computing (Source: Qi Zhang et al., Cloud computing: state-of-the-art and research challenges, J Internet Serv Appl (2010) pp. 7–18) 2.1 Software as a Service

The Hero Of Jesus Christ - 1100 Words

It is common for people to have a hero they admire and strive to be like. Often these heroes are people such as athletes, celebrities, world leaders, and family members. These ordinary people become heroes because of desirable attributes they exhibit. These characteristics are ones that people can relate to, characteristics that give birth to a desire to elevate oneself to be a hero to others. Such is my hero. My hero was born long ago to two devoted parents that loved him dearly. Life was not easy for him or his family; nevertheless, he grew up and became strong. Even though he was the son of a lowly carpenter, he learned of his divine calling and rose to the challenge that came with the call. The challenges that afflicted him in his life molded him into the hero I see him to be. He is Jesus Christ, a man with amazing attributes and my hero. Christ had many great and marvelous attributes. He lived his entire life by these attributes and encouraged others to develop these same values . He magnified a way for others to find happiness and meaning. These attributes are the reason Jesus Christ is my hero. One of Christ’s greatest attributes is love. He loved everyone. He loved the poor, the wealthy, the young, and the old. Through his example, people around him felt more inclined to love. When an individual is filled with love, they develop a strong desire to serve others. People sacrifice time and resources to serve others less fortunate then themselves without thinkingShow MoreRelatedThe Dream Of The Rood And Beowulf1488 Words   |  6 Pagesand pagan ideals to show their two powerful kings represented in two completely different manners. In the literary work Beowulf the character Beowulf is known as the king along with many others. While in the literary work â€Å"The Dream of the Rood† Jesus Christ is known as the king since he is directly referred to as a â€Å"king† several times throughout the work. The settings and time periods play a huge role in the values and beliefs of Christianity and paganism and whether the values are good or badRead MoreEssay Jesus - the Epic Hero990 Words   |  4 PagesJesus – the Epic Hero Although the Bible’s description of Jesus and his crucifixion has not been changed, the perception of the people about Jesus has been changing throughout the ages. The poem â€Å"The Dream of the Rood† is good example of a unique view of Jesus and his crucifixion. The poem is referred as â€Å"one of the first and most successful treatments of the crucifixion† in Old English poetry (Burrow 123). The poem consists of a mixture of Christian and epic elements and has a very unique styleRead MoreHeros : Becoming A Hero966 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it come to danger, can anyone save anyone? Maya Angelou quoted once, â€Å"I think a hero is any person really intent on making this a better place for all people† (Angelou). But can any person become a superhero? Yes, I believe that anyone is capable in becoming a hero, if that person is truly willing to commit in saving lives and doing good for the world. Becoming a hero does not mean having to have super-power or having to be exactly like the fiction comic books. Its all about being willing toRead MoreThe Dream Of The Rood By William Shakespeare927 Words   |  4 Pagesmovie â€Å"The Passion of the Christ† a movie that depicted the brutal crucifixion of Jesus Christ in 2004, I can remember thinking that this is an incredible way of telling the story of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Then I read the Drea m of the Rood and it is an emotional and inspiring piece of work. In the story â€Å"The Dream of the Rood† it speaks to me on an emotional level, it tells the story of Christ from a different standpoint, it describes Jesus Christ as a hero not merely a man thatRead MoreCool Hand Luke776 Words   |  4 PagesAfter watching the film, and reading the reviews, it is obvious that there are several pertinent ideas that characterize the film’s central theme-Luke’s question of his faith, his keen smile that tells all, how he is neither a hero or an anti hero, and how ironically he is a Christ like figure himself. From the very first minute in the movie, Luke has already introduced us to his famous smile. â€Å"The man grins foolishly and lifts a bottle in salute† (Champlin 3). This small grin, sets up the tone for theRead MoreReflection On The Dream Of The Rood1577 Words   |  7 PagesThe Dream of the Rood is an Old English religious poem. The writer and composition date are both unknown to the world. The poem is an account of one man’s vision of the crucifixion of Christ. The vision is through the rood, or the cross’s, point of view. There are many similarities and differences in the poem, compared to the actual crucifixion in The Bible. The beginning of the poem begins with the taking of the cross. â€Å"It was long ago - I remember it still- that I was hewn down at the wood’sRead MoreJesus: The Tragic Hero Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesWith Christianity being the number one universalizing religion, many are familiar with at the story of Jesus Christ of Nazareth. Though they may not actually belong to the religion, many also celebrate the holidays of Christmas and Easter, both of which are extremely important days in the Christian religion. These two have been used for marketing seasonal goods to the United States in particular. Christmas is the time of extravagant spending for the gifts of children and loved ones, while EasterRead MoreAnalysis Of The Dream Of The Rood1037 Words   |  5 PagesThe poet of The Dream of the Rood portrays Jesus as a warrior as well as a savior by calling him by different names rather than simply Jesus or Christ. For example, when someone is referred to as a young hero it is easy to picture them as someone fighting against someone or something for an individual or even a group. Jesus is referred to as a young hero and even the warrior many times throughout the poem. This image of hero is upheld by explaining Jesus’ actions as preparing for battle rather thanRead MoreThe Hero and the Saint: Paul and Augustine656 Words   |  3 PagesThe Hero and the Saint: Paul and Augustine The idea of the hero in Greco-Roman culture was integrated into the idea of the saint (in the process of conversion and totalization) by way of Christianitys adoption of and ancestry in the Greco-Roman culture. As Professor Ambrosio indicates, The need and the search for meaning is shared by all human beings (Hero or Saint Saul of Tarsus). Thus, it is no surprise to find that a pagan Greco-Roman title is applicable to a Christian whose virtue is viewedRead MoreStoicism in The Dreamer of the Rood Essay721 Words   |  3 Pagesuses stoicism to promise reward for suffering where Christ and the cross are linked, yet paralleled with the dreamer in that he joins in the comitatus of Christ through the cross therefor gaining redemption and eternal life and home in heaven. Christ himself though does not serve the same role as he does in biblical texts, here he is brave and stoic, like a great warrior. â€Å"The Dream of the Rood† presents us with the warrior who is Jesus. This Jesus is not the more passive character that modern religion

Estimating a demand function for Fruit and Vegetables Free Essays

Introduction In this project I will examine the quarterly data set for FTVG20 from Ruritania between 1981 and 2010. I will find a functional form which best fits the data and then test for insignificant variables, structural breaks, seasonality and homogeneity. I will use Slutsky’s equation to calculate the income and substitution effects and then interpret the model. We will write a custom essay sample on Estimating a demand function for Fruit and Vegetables or any similar topic only for you Order Now The social, economic, geographic and economic characteristics of Ruritania are not known. The data set shows that the quantity demanded of fruit and vegetables (QFTVG20) is dependent on the following variables: Table 1 VariableExplanation PMTFHPrice of meat and fish PFTVGPrice of fruit and vegetables PTEAPrice of tea PCOFFPrice of coffee PBEERPrice of beer PWINEPrice of wine PLEISPrice of leisure PTRAVPrice of travel PALLOTHPrice of all other goods INCOMEIncome Literature Review Ruel, Minot and Smith use household expenditure surveys in 10 Sub-Saharan African countries and used a Working-Lessor functional form to find that the main determinants of demand are per capita expenditure, household size, households headed by a female, education and location (urban vs rural). A study by Seale considered the effect of price and income on the demand for different food categories. They found that the food budget share of fruit and vegetable consumption is 10-25%, which is much higher than that of Ruritania. They calculated the expenditure elasticity of fruit and vegetables for low income countries (LICs) to be 0.636, middle-income countries (MICs) 0.514 and high-income countries (HICs) 0.281. The Frisch own-price elasticity of demand was -0.514 in LICs, -0.416 in MICs and -0.227 in HICs. There have been several studies considering non-economic factors that contribute to the demand for fruit and vegetables. A study by Nayga found that demand depends on socio-demographic factors such as location, age, family structure, ethnicity, children and education, whilst Pollard, Kirk and Cade find social desirability, habits, sensory appeal, convenience and advertising to be explanatory variables. Block’s research in Indonesia finds that mothers with nutritional knowledge spend a greater proportion of their food budget on foods rich in nutrients and minerals, such as fruit and vegetables. Functional Form Studenmund says that ‘choice of a functional form is a vital part of the specification of that equation.’ He goes on to mention that the use of Ordinary Least Squares means that the equation should be linear in the parameters rather than variables. In determining a demand function for fruit and vegetables I will consider the following functional forms: Table 2 ModelFunctional form LinearQFTVG20 = b0 + b1PMTFH + b2PFTVG + b3PTEA + b4PCOFF + b5PBEER + b6PWINE + b7PLEIS + b8PTRAV + b9PALLOTH + b10INCOME + et Log-Logln(QFTVG20) = b0 + b1ln(PMTFH) + b2ln(PFTVG) + b3ln(PTEA) + b4ln(PCOFF) + b5ln(PBEER) + b6ln(PWINE) + b7ln(PLEIS) + b8ln(PTRAV) + b9ln(PALLOTH) + b10ln(INCOME) + et Log-Linearln(QFTVG20) = b0 + b1PMTFH + b2PFTVG + b3PTEA + b4PCOFF + b5PBEER + b6PWINE + b7PLEIS + b8PTRAV + b9PALLOTH + b10INCOME + et Linear-LogQFTVG20 = b0 + b1ln(PMTFH) + b2ln(PFTVG) + b3ln(PTEA) + b4ln(PCOFF) + b5ln(PBEER) + b6ln(PWINE) + b7ln(PLEIS) + b8ln(PTRAV) + b9ln(PALLOTH) + b10ln(INCOME) + et In determining which functional form is preferable and which variables are significant, I will use the statistical tests detailed below: Table 3 TestIt tests for†¦Null HypothesisAlternative Hypothesis F TestSignificance of overall regression, individual and joint parametersH0: Test statistic critical valueModel is insignificant HA: Test statistic critical valueModel is significant R2Proportion of variation in sample data explained by the regressionn/an/a Ramsey RESET (RR)Misspecification of the model and omitted variablesH0: Test statistic critical valueModel is adequate and there is no misspecification HA: Test statistic critical valueModel is inadequate and can be improved Jarque-Bera (JB)Normality of the error termH0: Test statistic critical valueThe error term is normally distributed HA: Test statistic critical valueThe error term is not normally distributed White’s (WT)HeteroscedasticityH0: Test statistic critical valueThere is homoscedasticity HA: Test statistic critical valueThere is heteroscedasticity Breusch-Godfrey (BG)Higher order autocorrelationH0: Test statistic critical valueThere is no autocorrelation HA: Test statistic critical valueThere is autocorrelation Durbin-Watson (DW)First order autocorrelationH0: Test statistic upper boundThere is no autocorrelationHA: Test statistic lower boundThere is autocorrelation Additionally, when :Lower bound Test statistic Upper boundThe test for autocorrelation is inconclusive Changes In Demand Roberta Cook’s research has shown that per capita fruit and vegetables consumption (pounds) in the United States has increased by 12.4% from 1976-2006. Interestingly, in the same period there was a 28% reduction in the amount of citrus fruits consumed but growth was boosted by non-citrus fruits and vegetables. Cook suggests that the increase in demand is due to changes in lifestyle such as the large increase in the number of two-income households. This has led to a focus on cooking quickly therefore using more fresh produce. The scatter plot below shows the change in quantity demanded for fruit and vegetables in Ruritania over the time period 1981 to 2010. Quantity demanded was constant between 1980 and 1991 before increasing exponentially. The data does not follow the results of Cook’s research but I am able to predict that the data will fit either a log-log or log-linear model. Choosing the Functional Form From considering the four functional forms I obtained the following test results which are in line with my predictions: Table 4 Statistical TestCritical value at 5% significance levelLinearLog-LogLog-LinearLinear-Log F Test1.9162.86* 157.9* 152* 52.81* R2n/a0.852233 0.935444 0.933081 0.828901 Ramsey RESET (RR)3.9231.982 0.0028123* 1.7429* 33.845 Jarque-Bera (JB)5.9941.046 0.25565* 0.093059* 31.152 White’s (WT)1.642.0512 1.0271* 0.93069* 2.1058 Durbin-Watson (DW)DU= 1.898DL = 1.4621.32 2.05* 2.03* 1.27 Breusch-Godfrey (BG)11.0719.306 7.8052* 2.6625* 23.394 Although the linear model and the linear-log model pass the F-test, only 85% and 83% of the variation in the data is explained by the respective regression model. Both models also fail the Breusch-Godfrey test, Durbin-Watson test, White’s Test, Jarque Bera test and the Ramsey RESET test. From these results I can conclude that the demand function for fruit and vegetables is not in linear or linear-log form. The log-log functional form and the log-linear functional form both explain around 93.5% of the data, which is relatively high. They both pass the T-test, Durbin-Watson test, White’s Test, Jarque Bera test, Breusch-Godfrey test and the Ramsey RESET test at 5%. Although they both pass the same tests, the log-log form passes the Ramsey RESET test at 0.0028123 whilst the log-linear form passes at 1.7429. Since the log-log model passes this more satisfactorily, the model will have a lower chance of misspecification. Additionally, a log-log model allows easier interpretation as elasticity is constant and equal to b at every point. I will therefore choose the log-log functional form as the demand function for fruit and vegetables. For analysis, if an independent variable changes by 1% whilst other independent variables are held constant, then the dependant variable will change by the b value of the independent variable. Testing individual parameters Having identified the preferred functional form, I will now test the significance of individual parameters at a 5% significance level. Calculated using a 2-tailed T-test H0: b0 = 0 H1: b0 ?0 Test statistic (t) = b0 – b0 T(N-2) where N = 120 so T(118) Se(b0) If – tc ? t ? tc fail to reject the null hypothesis and b0 is not significant Ift ? tc or t ? -tc reject the null hypothesis and b0 is significant Table 5 Parameter Coefficient Standard Error Test Statistic Intercept 3.35508 2.655 1.264 ln(PMTFH) -0.294682 0.1787 -1.649 ln(PFTVG) -0.576745 0.2888 -1.997* ln(PTEA) -0.524011 0.2585 -2.027* ln(PCOFF) 0.0219395 0.2631 0.083 ln(PBEER) 0.115732 0.2336 0.495 ln(PWINE) -0.191003 0.3137 -0.609 ln(PLEIS) 0.169363 0.1732 0.978 ln(PTRAV) 0.197812 0.1532 1.291 ln(PALLOTH) 2.31373 0.5330 4.341* ln(INCOME) -0.669523 0.2149 -3.116* The critical values for the t – test are +/- 1.98. From the t-test I have found that only four of the parameters are significant at a 5% significance level. They are: price of fruit and vegetables, price of tea, price of all other goods and the level of income. Since the price of meat and fish, intercept and price of travel are close to the critical value, I will keep these in the model. I will now run a second regression excluding the variables: price of coffee, price of beer, price of wine and price of leisure, and will use more t-tests to determine which of the parameters are significant. The results are shown in the table below. Table 6 Parameter Coefficient Standard Error Test Statistic Intercept 2.53817 1.678 1.513 ln(PMTFH) -0.145648 0.1367 -1.065 ln(PFTVG) -0.613409 0.2411 -2.544* ln(PTEA) -0.518472 0.1684 -3.079* ln(PTRAV) 0.125349 0.1283 0.977 ln(PALLOTH) 2.66028 0.2728 9.752* ln(INCOME) -0.662872 0.1934 -3.427* Whilst the intercept is still insignificant, I will continue to include it in the model as removing it can create bias in the regression.The price of meat and fish and the price of travel are still insignificant in this regression so I will remove them from the model. The restricted regression model has the functional form: ln(QFTVG20) = b0 + b2ln(PFTVG) + b3ln(PTEA) + b9ln(PALLOTH) + b10ln(INCOME) + et To ensure the removal of the six parameters improves the model, I will run an F-test on the restricted model: F = (SSRR-SSUR)/r (SSUR)/n-k Where r = number of restrictions in the model, n = number of observations, k = number of parameters in the unrestricted model (including the intercept) The null hypothesis is: H0: b1 = b4 = b5 = b6 = b7 = b8 = 0 HA: Null hypothesis is untrue At 5% significance level, critical value F(6,109) = 2.18 F = (16.7224302 – 16.0433624)/6 (16.0433624)/120-11 F = 0.7689409526 2.18 Since the test statistic is less that the critical value, I fail to reject the null hypothesis so the variables are collectively insignificant and can now be removed. Further Tests I will consider whether there are structural breaks and seasonal changes. Structural Breaks I have chosen to graph QFTVG20 over time rather than lnQFTVG20 as there is a marked increase in fruit and vegetables consumption after 1998 which does not appear on the graph for lnFTVG. This increase in consumption may be due to a structural change. I will therefore split the regression model into two, and carry out a Chow Test, where: H0 = no structural change HA = structural change Chow Test n1 = number of observations in the first regression n2 = number of observations in the second regression k = number of parameters including the constant SSRR = RSS from original model SSUR = RSS from regression 1 + RSS from regression 2 Table 7 Time PeriodNumber of observationsResidual sum of squares 1981 – 19987210.7905333 1999 – 2010485.82816287 1981 – 201012016.7224302 F = (16.7224302 – 10.7905333 – 5.82816287)/5= 0.1373241701 (10.7905333 + 5.82816287)/(72 + 48 – 2?5) At a 5% significance level, the critical value is F(5,110) = 2.29 Since 0.137 2.29 I fail to reject the null hypothesis and can conclude that there is no structural change when tested at the 5% significance level. Seasonal Dummy Variables Since fruit and vegetables grow on a seasonal basis, it is prudent to include seasonal dummy variables to see whether the data follows seasonality. To do this, I will create four dummy variables, however, I will only include three dummy variables so as to avoid falling into the dummy variable trap. This avoids obtaining perfect multicollinearity. The three dummies refer to the difference between themselves and the omitted (reference) dummy variable. With the inclusion of three dummy variables, the model becomes: ln(QFTVG20) = b0 + b2ln(PFTVG) + b3ln(PTEA) + b9ln(PALLOTH) + b10ln(INCOME) + baD1 + bbD2 + bcD3 + et Table 8 QuarterParameterCoefficientEstimated standard errorTest statisticSignificant at 5% (critical value +/- 1.98 1D1-0.02170250.09880-0.220No 2D20.09085330.098770.920No 3D30.1118250.098751.13No This shows that the dummy variables are insignificant at 5% significance level. To remove the dummy variables, I run an F-test to check for the combined significance. H0: ba = bb = bc = 0 HA: H0 is not true F = (SSRR-SSUR)/r ~ F(r, n-k) (SSUR)/n-k F = (16.7224302 – 16.3332741)/3= 0.8890750414 16.3332741/(120 – 8) At 5% significance level, the critical value for F(3,112) is 2.68. Since 0.889 2.68 I fail to reject the null hypothesis. From this, it can be seen that at the 5% significance level, there is no evidence of seasonality. I can now remove the seasonal dummy variables. Homogeneity A demand function is homogenous if when both prices and income are doubled, the optimal quantities demanded do not change. H0: b2 + b3 + b9 + b10 = 0 HA: b2 + b3 + b9 + b10 ? 0 If H0 is true, the equation can be rearranged as: b10 = – b2 – b3 – b9 The regression model thus becomes: ln(QFTVG20) = b0 + b2ln(PFTVG) + b3ln(PTEA) + b9ln(PALLOTH) + (- b2 – b3 – b9)ln(INCOME) From logarithmic rules, the equation can be written as: Ln(QFTVG20)= b0 + b2ln(PFTVG/INCOME) + b3ln(PTEA/INCOME) + b9ln(PALLOTH/INCOME) F = (SSRR-SSUR)/r (SSUR)/n-k F = (17.3810772 – 16.7224302)/1 = 4.529509413 16.7224302/(120-5) The critical value for F(1,115) is 3.92. Since 4.5295 3.92 I reject the null hypothesis and conclude that demand is not homogenous, it exhibits heterogeneity. Laitinen has undertaken a study which concludes that the test of homogeneity is ‘seriously biased’ towards rejecting the null hypothesis. This leads me to believe that my result is acceptable and could be due to this, or the money illusion, where consumers mistake changes in nominal values to be changes in real values. Slutsky The Slutsky equation shows how a price change can lead to an income effect and a substitution effect. To calculate the price elasticity of demand I multiply through by P/Q and multiply the last term by I/I giving: This means: Price elasticity of demand = substitution effect – (income elasticity x fraction of income spent) From table 10 it can be seen that the income elasticity of demand is -0.470995 and price elasticity of demand of fruit and vegetables is -0.626791. The fraction of income spent on fruit and vegetables is 3%. Income effect = -0.470995 x 0.03 = -0.01412985 Substitution effect = -0.626791 – -0.01412985 = -0.61266115 Since income elasticity of demand is negative, this means that fruit and vegetables are inferior goods. The substitution effect must always be negative. Interpretation Of The Preferred Model Having identified that there are no structural breaks in the model and that there is no evidence of seasonality, I can run a third regression with all the insignificant variables removed. The demand function is determined by: ln(QFTVG20) = b0 + b2ln(PFTVG) + b3ln(PTEA) + b9ln(PALLOTH) + b10ln(INCOME) + et The restricted regression model gives the following results to the aforementioned diagnostic tests: Table 9 Statistical TestCritical value at 5% significance levelLog Log (restricted)Log Log (unrestricted) F Test1.91398.5*157.9* R2n/a0.9327110.935444 Ramsey RESET (RR)3.920.26863*0.0028123* Jarque-Bera (JB)5.990.52542*0.25565* White’s (WT)1.640.36082*1.0271* Durbin-Watson (DW)upper 1.898lower 1.4622.01*2.05* Breusch-Godfrey (BG)11.074.8690*7.8052* * Significant at 5% significance level The restricted log-log model passes every test carried out and passes the F test and White’s Test more satisfactorily than the unrestricted log-log model. I will now run further t-tests and consider whether the remaining variables are still significant. The results are shown in the table below. Table 10 Parameter Coefficient Standard Error Test Statistic Constant 0.814700 1.125 0.724 ln(PFTVG) -0.626791 0.2407 -2.604* ln(PTEA) -0.579563 0.1616 -3.586* ln(PALLOTH) 2.80783 0.2372 11.837* ln(INCOME) -0.470995 0.1353 -3.481* The table shows that all the remaining parameters (except the constant) are significant at a 5% significance level. Regression equation for the preferred model ln(QFTVG20) = 0.814700 – 0.626791ln(PFTVG) – 0.579563ln(PTEA) + 2.80783ln(PALLOTH) – 0.470995ln(INCOME) The equation suggests that fruit and vegetables are inferior goods as the coefficient for income is negative. This means that as income increases, the demand for fruit and vegetables decrease. Interpretation of Elasticities Table 11 ParameterCoefficientInterpretation Constant0.814700Autonomous LPFTVG-0.626791Own price inelastic LPTEA-0.579563Complement LPALLOTH2.80783Substitute LINCOME-0.470995FTVG20 is income inelastic and is an inferior good. Constant – represents the value that is predicted for the dependant variable when all the independent variables are equal to zero. LPFTVG – A 1% increase in price will lead to a 0.626791% fall in quantity demand of fruit and vegetables. The average own-price elasticity for fresh fruit from 10 studies combined by Durham and Eales is -0.6 which is very close to the elasticity I have found. LPTEA – A 1% increase in price of tea will lead to a fall in demand of FTVG20 of 0.579563%. This could be due to fruit and tea being consumed together, for example, as part of breakfast. LPALLOTH – a 1 % increase in the price of all other goods will cause a 2.80783% increase in demand for fruit and vegetables LINCOME – A 1% increase in income means the demand for fruit and vegetables will fall by 0.470995%. From this I can conclude that fruit and vegetables are inferior goods. Purcell and Raunikar found that at lower incomes, fruit and vegetables are normal goods but at higher incomes they are inferior goods. They also found that green vegetables are inferior goods for all levels of income from 1958-62. Their results correspond to a recent study (2007) by Ruel, Minot and Smith, who found that in 10 (relatively poor) African countries the average income-elasticity of demand for fruit and vegetables was 0.766, i.e. fruit and vegetables are normal goods for low-income countries. Conclusion In this project I have estimated a demand function for fruit and vegetables (20) in Ruritania. Through using diagnostic tests and regression analysis I have found it to be a log-log model. I was able to remove insignificant variables leaving independent variables of price of fruit and vegetables, tea, all other goods and income. I then tested the data for seasonality and structural breaks and found no evidence of seasonality or structural breaks between 1981 and 2010. I found the data to be heterogeneous and justified this with reference to Laitinen’s research. Using Slutsky’s equation, I found that fruit and vegetables are inferior goods. To improve the model I could separate the demand for fruit and vegetables to see whether they both remain inferior goods. It would also be interesting to consider socioeconomic factors, such as those studied by Nayga. Additionally, since a large proportion of demand for fruit is made up of the demand for juice, it would useful to consider the demand of whole fruit and vegetables rather than that pressed into juice. These factors combined may improve the model so that a proportion of the remaining 6.6% of the data fits my regression model. References Ashworth, J. Durham Economics Lecture Notes Bath Lecture Notes: www.people.bath.ac.uk/bm232/EC50161/Dummy%20Variables.ppt Block, S., ‘Maternal Nutritional Knowledge and the Demand for Micronutrient Rich Foods: Evidence From Indonesia’ Cook, R. ‘U.S. Per Capita Fruit and Vegetables Consumption’ Cook, R. ‘Some Key Changes In U.S. Consumption Patterns’ Durham, C. Eales, J. ‘Demand Elasticities For Fresh Fruit and the Retail Level’ Greenwood, S. ‘Consumer Trends for the New Millennium Impact Fresh-cut Produce’ Han, T., Wahl, T. ‘China’s Rural Demand For Fruit and Vegetables’ Griffiths, W., Judge, G. ‘Undergraduate Economics’ Laitinen, K. ‘Why is demand homogeneity so often rejected?’ Nau, F. ‘Additional Notes On Regression Analysis’ Duke Fuqua Business School Nayga. ‘Determinants of US Household Expenditures on Fruit and Vegetables. A Note and Update.’ Nicholson, W. ‘Microeconomic Theory: Basic Principles and Extensions’ Purcell, J.C., Raunikar, R. ‘Quantity-Income Elasticities For Foods By Level of Income’ Journal of Farm Economics, December 1967 Ruel, M.T., Minot, N., Smith, L. ‘Patterns and Determinants of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multicountry Comparison’ International Food Policy Research Institute, 2005 Seale, J., Regmi, A., Bernstein, J. ‘International Evidence on Food Consumption Patterns’ Studenmund, A. ‘Using Econometrics’ Wang, X. Durham Economics Lecture Notes How to cite Estimating a demand function for Fruit and Vegetables, Essay examples

Payroll System Documentation Essay Example

Payroll System Documentation Essay Information Technology is the study, design, development, implementation and support management of information system. It helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate and/ or disseminate information. We used the term information technology or IT to refer to an entire industry. In actuality, information technology is the use of computers and software to manage information. In some companies, this is referred to as Management Information Services (or MIS) or simply as Information Services (or IS). The information technology department of a large company could be responsible for storing, protecting processing, transmitting and retrieving the information as necessary. Nowadays all establishment are becoming modernized, they use modern technologies to make their transaction fast, easy and accurate in order to avoid waste of time and for the sake of safety and security. It also helps human to solve and understand complex problem and analysis such as computational need of human. Especially the business establishment or corporation processing data and transaction. The success or failure of an organization in today’s highly competitive and technological business world depends on how they manage to streamline. The flow of information between their department and outside the world. Implementing a system make their transactions easy and accurate and to secure their files and data. There are different system that used by the company and other establishment; such as Inventory System which is an integrated package of software and hardware used in any business sectors to monitor the quantity, location and status of their income regarding on their products going in and out. We will write a custom essay sample on Payroll System Documentation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Payroll System Documentation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Payroll System Documentation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Enrollment system is the system in a school when a student is enrolling for a specific course the school requires all the necessary information of the enrollee. Library System is a system of coding and organizing library materials (books, serials, audiovisual materials, computer files, maps, manuscripts) according to their subject and allocating a call number to that information resource and the example of complex transaction is the Payroll System which it is critical business operation dealing with numerous accounts and produce plenty and confidential files. Payroll is a financial statement that shows the total amount of money paid to the people by a particular company. It’s an accounting system that calculates the amount due to employee’s salary after the necessary deduction. It is also generating a statement of amounts to be paid to employees. It is also amount of money a company, business and establishment pay its employee at any given time. In order to pay their employees for services rendered, employers performs payroll processing which must be done in timely and accurate manner to ensure that employees receive their salary. Payroll System is system used in a series of accounting transactions dealing with the process of paying employees for services rendered, after processing of the various requirements for withholding of money from the employee for payment of payroll taxes, insurance premiums, employee benefits, garnishments and other deductions. It is use in order to make the payroll transactions fast, convenient and make data and confidential files secure. Using a manual payroll procedure can’t secure data especially for those confidential files for payroll. A manual payroll system is done by hand. This means that all wages calculations are performed on paper. An advantage using of manual payroll is that it costs very little to use. However it takes a lot of time and energy to do manual payroll processing. Using a computerized payroll system is much quicker than a manual payroll. It reduces the amount of paperwork to be filed, as most of the payroll information can be store in the system. It will not only provide an accurate calculation and fast process of payroll transaction but it will also secure data through security implementation and accordingly arrange file provided by a well designed database. A database is where you are storing your files and data for its security. It is more widely used by all users that have a computerized system by different sectors. And a Database Management System is software who operates database providing storage, access, security back-up and other facilities. The implementation of this proposed system is a great help for the Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. especially to their HR Department, Accounting Department and as well as Finance Office. They lessen their job and they can manage their payroll processing accurately. PROJECT CONTEXT The Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. located at Allah Valley Drive, Surallah South Cotabato was on its eight years operation. The school in the municipality of Surallah offered a Technical and Collegiate courses. The said institution was lack of facilities such as any computerized system had not been implemented. The said school wishes to utilize an existing hardware and software as soon as possible. As a pioneering graduating student for the Bachelor of Science in Information Technology we are tasked to develop a propose system as part of our Capstone Project. We found out that the main problem of the said institution is difficult to process payroll transactions because of their manual payroll procedure that takes a long time to finish their task due to many steps and processes to undergo. Other problems we found out are as follows: †¢Hard in processing payroll slip and payroll form †¢Difficulty in calculating the wages. †¢Too much time consumption. †¢Misplaced some employee data with plenty assigned to the bookkeeper with cause’s inconvenience to their services †¢Files are not totally secured and there is a possibility that the files might be lost. †¢Delay in releasing employee salary On their procedure, it will need more time and manpower to complete the payroll processing. In this problem we are implementing a Computerized Payroll System for the Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. to minimize the effort of the bookkeeper to make an efficient and accurate computation of payroll to create a well designed database and to implement strong security of the system for data secrecy. This proposed system is a great help to the accounting section of the Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. especially to the Bookkeeper and Finance Office of the said school. It will help to lessen time and effort of the Bookkeeper in filing all employee records and files as well as to the Accounting Department in preparing payments of the employees. This proposed system can accommodate and produce a paperless environment. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purposed of this study is to propose a Computerized Payroll System for Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. We found out that this school had no any Computerized System since it was started its operation that’s why we choose to implement a Computerized Payroll System for the said institution. To have a Computerized Payroll System could easily to generate and calculate all information regarding the payroll transactions it’s reason that the said institution needs a reliable, effective and easy- to- use payroll system in order to make their task faster and easier without any hassle. This Computerized Payroll System we implementing for Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. could encompass every employee of a company who receive a regular wage or other compensation. To provide an accurate calculation and fast processing of a payroll transactions. To help the said institution to comply the timely payment of the wages and salaries for the employee. To secure the employee files by using a database where to store all data regarding to the payroll and to have security for their data secrecy. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY This proposed Computerized Payroll System allows to process and issue employee print out report for their Pay Slip and Payroll Statement. It will compute wages and deductions and enter data into a well designed database for its security. It will record all employee information such as transfer and resignations in order to maintain and update payroll records. It will help to lessen time and effort of the Bookkeeper in Accounting Department in preparing payments of the employee. This proposed system will lessen their job and they can manage their payroll processing accurately. SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM This study is designed to develop a Computerize Payroll System for the Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. It covers the process of preparing Pay Slip of each employee. The system is designed to compute for the income of an employee whether regular or contractual. It is also developed with features used to provide ease in searching and updating records such as search, add, edit and delete. It will compute for the total net income of an employee by adding the bonuses to the gross income and deducting the taxes and fees from the gross income. It will keep the records safety and computing the exact wages of each employee, including the stored report list of employee such as hourly or weekly basis salary, net pay, overtime and some deductions including PHILHEALTH, SSS, Cash Advances and others. LIMITATIONS OF THE SYSTEM This proposed Computerize Payroll System for the Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. can only provide the print out report for the Pay Slip and Payroll Statement for the employee. It has a security feature where only an authorize personnel are allowed to access the system which therefore guarantees company employees the reliability that they desire. The system is limited to designated officials in the Payroll department since it will incorporate a security measure. The Payroll Administrator only has a responsible for adding new employees, updating employee’s records and changing all employee information. OBJECTIVES This proposed system is designed to provide a fast and reliable automated solution for the recording and processing of the salary of an employee. The main objectives of this research are to develop a Computerize Payroll system for Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. To prepare a detailed salary records of all employees in an institution. To generate Pay Slips through the calculation of salary and to ensure the proper use of manpower. The specific concern of this system are as follows: †¢To minimize the effort of the Bookkeeper in processing and preparing the payments of an employee. †¢To lessen the hassle in manually computing an employees net income. †¢To ensure that employees are paid, contractual obligations are met and taxed and other withholding duties are upheld. †¢To provide ease, lessen the possible errors and produce faster results. †¢To determine whether an employee is a regular, fulltime or part time since a egular employee or full time employee has a different computation than that which is casual or contractual. †¢To ensures quick and accurate computation of a certain employees monthly salary, hourly or weekly salary depending on factors such as basic pay, benefits, bonuses, taxes, exemptions as well as other compensations and deductions Fast, accurate and reliable results a re going to be produce by this system therefore proving it to be effective enough to meet the company’s needs regarding the Payroll System. Technical Background Through hard work and tough research and having enough knowledge, we come up to a conclusion that our study is technically feasible. The user of the system can maintain, operate the system easily and back up files such as payroll report and other cash transaction. Hardware Specification: ITEM/PART SPECIFICATION MonitorAOC 15† PrinterEpson LX-300+11 AVRUltra Power 300-220 v Black CD-ROM DriveLG ProcessorL775 Pentium D 3. 06 GHz MouseGenius Ps2 Hard DiskSeagate 80G IDE KeyboardAsus P458X MotherboardMB S940 AM2 MemoryDDR-1GB PC-400 Kingston Software Specification: Microsoft Windows XP †¢Microsoft SQL Server †¢Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 OPERATIONAL The Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. Payroll System will be used by the HR Department and Finance Office once it will be installed. Payroll System will be operated by the HR personnel. The benefit will always goes to the departments and to the employees as well. We also make sure that the system is easy to us e and user friendly. ECONOMICAL Estimated cost of the Proposed Hardware and Software. Hardware ITEM/PART SPECIFICATION AMOUNT MonitorAOC 15†6,500 PrinterEpson LX-300+112,800 AVRUltra Power 300-220 v Black400 CD-ROM DriveLG2,500 ProcessorL775 Pentium D 3. 06 GHz9,295 MouseGenius Ps2450 Hard DiskSeagate 80G IDE5,400 KeyboardAsus P458X950 MotherboardMB S940 AM22,500 MemoryDDR-1GB PC-400 Kingston1,460 TOTAL 32,255php Software †¢Microsoft Windows XP(Licensed)5,500 †¢Microsoft SQL Server(Licensed)5,000 †¢Microsoft Visual Studio 2005(Licensed)5,500 TOTAL 32,255 php LOCAL RELATED LITERATURE Cagayan de Oro City Hall Computerized Payroll System The City Accounting Department has introduced an upgraded computerized ayroll system for permanent employees in a bid to improve its services and maximize resources. This project, which was conceived two years ago, basically aims to improve our services particularly in the processing of payrolls for permanent employees, City Accountant Wilma Polley-Rugay told payroll in-charge of the different departments and offices at City Hall during a briefing and orientation on the concept of the one-month payroll system held Friday last week at the City Council session hall in Cagayan de Oro City. With the added features of the new computerized payroll system, Rugay said the preparation, processing and payment of payroll system to permanent employees would be hastened and fast-tracked. Adopting of the one-month payroll system is also beneficial, not only to the City Accounting Department, but also to the payroll-in-charge as it would save time, energy and resources. Employees who handle payroll preparation and processing can now attend to other office needs and concerns as the new payroll system will lessen their workload, she added. Under the new payroll system, preparation and processing of payroll, which reflects the accrued, amount payable every 15th and 30th day of the month, done only once. Unlike the time-consuming old payroll system, preparation and processing of payroll is done twice a month covering the first half and second half of the month. (www. sunstar. com. ph) Computerized Payroll System of Department of Health (DOH) The Computerized Payroll System is a window based program especially designed to facilitate and simplify the monthly preparation of general payroll and related reports such as Standard computerized payroll system for use in all DOH offices, Allows faster and more accurate computation of monthly gross income, deductions and net salary, Faster and less-resource-consuming generation of General Payroll and other payroll related reports, Security and integrity of payroll data and information. The Features of computerized payroll system of DOH are Graphical User Interface, Interactive and menu-driven program, Systematic maintenance and retrieval of employee records, Flexible as it provides options to include additional fields for other compensation and deductions unique to an office or unit, Automatic omputation of monthly net income, GSIS, PAG-IBIG, Withholding Tax and other deductions, Y2K compliant, Fast and easy generation of the General Payroll and all other payroll related reports which include Monthly reports like GSIS and PAG-IBIG remittances, Denominations Report and Leave Credits Report and annual Year-end Tax Reports, Password security to ensure the integrity of data. General payroll reports such as Payroll Summary sheet, Pay slip, Leave Credits Report, Withholding Tax Statement (W-2), BIR Remittance Reports, GSIS Remittance Reports, PAG-IBIG Remittance Reports, Other User-defined Reports (PERA, ACA, PNB, etc.. ). (www2. doh. gov. ph) The proponents learned from this study that the Cagayan de oro and Department of Health has its own database for their employees. They stored the information of the employees to the database that represent each employee’s records as a separate persistent object. FOREIGN RELATED LITERATURE Titus Information Payroll System A Payroll System designed to produce payroll checks with appropriate withholdings, benefits, allowances, and deductions for employees in multiple companies, departments, and/or sub-departments. It has been designed to handle up to 1,000,000 employees in 100 companies, 1,000 departments in each company, and 36 sub-departments in each department. Some of the features and benefits of the Payroll System are multiple cost centers for payroll reporting, will handle special non-taxable benefits for ministers, flexible withholding capability, ability to split payroll expense between different cost centers, complete governmental reporting; FICA, FUTA, SUTA, Workmans Compensation, W-2s, and 1099s, Payroll check reversal, One check capability, Salaried, hourly, and contract employees in the same payroll run, Combined processing for weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly, or monthly, Taxable and non-taxable benefits and deductions, Multiple hourly rates for each employee, General ledger interface, Check list UFD file for check reconciliation, Extensive personnel information for each employee, Accrual of sick, vacation, and holiday hours, Flexible federal, state, and local taxation, Multiple company, department, and sub-department capability, Flexible benefit and deduction capability, Easy federal, state, and local tax table maintenance, Split income over multiple companies, departments, sub-departments, Payroll accrual/reversal capabilities, Time card data entry function, Special message function for printing on check stubs. (Www. titusinformationsystems. com) Canadian Payroll System Sage Accpac Canadian Payroll is a flexible module that gives you complete control over employee earnings and benefits, special payroll situations and government reporting, ensuring that your companys payroll requirements and personnel policies are accurate to the penny. You can enter or import timecards, enter after-the-fact paycheques, run automatic calculations or even combine all three methods to get your pay data into the system and your paycheques deployed on time. Payroll handles all pay frequencies; multiple work states; unlimited earnings, deductions, benefits and taxes; and other pay factors such as expense reimbursements, accruals and advances. (www. 2020software. com) CONCLUSION Payroll System Documentation Essay Example Payroll System Documentation Essay Information Technology is the study, design, development, implementation and support management of information system. It helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate and/ or disseminate information. We used the term information technology or IT to refer to an entire industry. In actuality, information technology is the use of computers and software to manage information. In some companies, this is referred to as Management Information Services (or MIS) or simply as Information Services (or IS). The information technology department of a large company could be responsible for storing, protecting processing, transmitting and retrieving the information as necessary. Nowadays all establishment are becoming modernized, they use modern technologies to make their transaction fast, easy and accurate in order to avoid waste of time and for the sake of safety and security. It also helps human to solve and understand complex problem and analysis such as computational need of human. Especially the business establishment or corporation processing data and transaction. The success or failure of an organization in today’s highly competitive and technological business world depends on how they manage to streamline. The flow of information between their department and outside the world. Implementing a system make their transactions easy and accurate and to secure their files and data. There are different system that used by the company and other establishment; such as Inventory System which is an integrated package of software and hardware used in any business sectors to monitor the quantity, location and status of their income regarding on their products going in and out. We will write a custom essay sample on Payroll System Documentation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Payroll System Documentation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Payroll System Documentation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Enrollment system is the system in a school when a student is enrolling for a specific course the school requires all the necessary information of the enrollee. Library System is a system of coding and organizing library materials (books, serials, audiovisual materials, computer files, maps, manuscripts) according to their subject and allocating a call number to that information resource and the example of complex transaction is the Payroll System which it is critical business operation dealing with numerous accounts and produce plenty and confidential files. Payroll is a financial statement that shows the total amount of money paid to the people by a particular company. It’s an accounting system that calculates the amount due to employee’s salary after the necessary deduction. It is also generating a statement of amounts to be paid to employees. It is also amount of money a company, business and establishment pay its employee at any given time. In order to pay their employees for services rendered, employers performs payroll processing which must be done in timely and accurate manner to ensure that employees receive their salary. Payroll System is system used in a series of accounting transactions dealing with the process of paying employees for services rendered, after processing of the various requirements for withholding of money from the employee for payment of payroll taxes, insurance premiums, employee benefits, garnishments and other deductions. It is use in order to make the payroll transactions fast, convenient and make data and confidential files secure. Using a manual payroll procedure can’t secure data especially for those confidential files for payroll. A manual payroll system is done by hand. This means that all wages calculations are performed on paper. An advantage using of manual payroll is that it costs very little to use. However it takes a lot of time and energy to do manual payroll processing. Using a computerized payroll system is much quicker than a manual payroll. It reduces the amount of paperwork to be filed, as most of the payroll information can be store in the system. It will not only provide an accurate calculation and fast process of payroll transaction but it will also secure data through security implementation and accordingly arrange file provided by a well designed database. A database is where you are storing your files and data for its security. It is more widely used by all users that have a computerized system by different sectors. And a Database Management System is software who operates database providing storage, access, security back-up and other facilities. The implementation of this proposed system is a great help for the Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. especially to their HR Department, Accounting Department and as well as Finance Office. They lessen their job and they can manage their payroll processing accurately. PROJECT CONTEXT The Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. located at Allah Valley Drive, Surallah South Cotabato was on its eight years operation. The school in the municipality of Surallah offered a Technical and Collegiate courses. The said institution was lack of facilities such as any computerized system had not been implemented. The said school wishes to utilize an existing hardware and software as soon as possible. As a pioneering graduating student for the Bachelor of Science in Information Technology we are tasked to develop a propose system as part of our Capstone Project. We found out that the main problem of the said institution is difficult to process payroll transactions because of their manual payroll procedure that takes a long time to finish their task due to many steps and processes to undergo. Other problems we found out are as follows: †¢Hard in processing payroll slip and payroll form †¢Difficulty in calculating the wages. †¢Too much time consumption. †¢Misplaced some employee data with plenty assigned to the bookkeeper with cause’s inconvenience to their services †¢Files are not totally secured and there is a possibility that the files might be lost. †¢Delay in releasing employee salary On their procedure, it will need more time and manpower to complete the payroll processing. In this problem we are implementing a Computerized Payroll System for the Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. to minimize the effort of the bookkeeper to make an efficient and accurate computation of payroll to create a well designed database and to implement strong security of the system for data secrecy. This proposed system is a great help to the accounting section of the Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. especially to the Bookkeeper and Finance Office of the said school. It will help to lessen time and effort of the Bookkeeper in filing all employee records and files as well as to the Accounting Department in preparing payments of the employees. This proposed system can accommodate and produce a paperless environment. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purposed of this study is to propose a Computerized Payroll System for Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. We found out that this school had no any Computerized System since it was started its operation that’s why we choose to implement a Computerized Payroll System for the said institution. To have a Computerized Payroll System could easily to generate and calculate all information regarding the payroll transactions it’s reason that the said institution needs a reliable, effective and easy- to- use payroll system in order to make their task faster and easier without any hassle. This Computerized Payroll System we implementing for Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. could encompass every employee of a company who receive a regular wage or other compensation. To provide an accurate calculation and fast processing of a payroll transactions. To help the said institution to comply the timely payment of the wages and salaries for the employee. To secure the employee files by using a database where to store all data regarding to the payroll and to have security for their data secrecy. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY This proposed Computerized Payroll System allows to process and issue employee print out report for their Pay Slip and Payroll Statement. It will compute wages and deductions and enter data into a well designed database for its security. It will record all employee information such as transfer and resignations in order to maintain and update payroll records. It will help to lessen time and effort of the Bookkeeper in Accounting Department in preparing payments of the employee. This proposed system will lessen their job and they can manage their payroll processing accurately. SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM This study is designed to develop a Computerize Payroll System for the Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. It covers the process of preparing Pay Slip of each employee. The system is designed to compute for the income of an employee whether regular or contractual. It is also developed with features used to provide ease in searching and updating records such as search, add, edit and delete. It will compute for the total net income of an employee by adding the bonuses to the gross income and deducting the taxes and fees from the gross income. It will keep the records safety and computing the exact wages of each employee, including the stored report list of employee such as hourly or weekly basis salary, net pay, overtime and some deductions including PHILHEALTH, SSS, Cash Advances and others. LIMITATIONS OF THE SYSTEM This proposed Computerize Payroll System for the Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. can only provide the print out report for the Pay Slip and Payroll Statement for the employee. It has a security feature where only an authorize personnel are allowed to access the system which therefore guarantees company employees the reliability that they desire. The system is limited to designated officials in the Payroll department since it will incorporate a security measure. The Payroll Administrator only has a responsible for adding new employees, updating employee’s records and changing all employee information. OBJECTIVES This proposed system is designed to provide a fast and reliable automated solution for the recording and processing of the salary of an employee. The main objectives of this research are to develop a Computerize Payroll system for Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. To prepare a detailed salary records of all employees in an institution. To generate Pay Slips through the calculation of salary and to ensure the proper use of manpower. The specific concern of this system are as follows: †¢To minimize the effort of the Bookkeeper in processing and preparing the payments of an employee. †¢To lessen the hassle in manually computing an employees net income. †¢To ensure that employees are paid, contractual obligations are met and taxed and other withholding duties are upheld. †¢To provide ease, lessen the possible errors and produce faster results. †¢To determine whether an employee is a regular, fulltime or part time since a egular employee or full time employee has a different computation than that which is casual or contractual. †¢To ensures quick and accurate computation of a certain employees monthly salary, hourly or weekly salary depending on factors such as basic pay, benefits, bonuses, taxes, exemptions as well as other compensations and deductions Fast, accurate and reliable results a re going to be produce by this system therefore proving it to be effective enough to meet the company’s needs regarding the Payroll System. Technical Background Through hard work and tough research and having enough knowledge, we come up to a conclusion that our study is technically feasible. The user of the system can maintain, operate the system easily and back up files such as payroll report and other cash transaction. Hardware Specification: ITEM/PART SPECIFICATION MonitorAOC 15† PrinterEpson LX-300+11 AVRUltra Power 300-220 v Black CD-ROM DriveLG ProcessorL775 Pentium D 3. 06 GHz MouseGenius Ps2 Hard DiskSeagate 80G IDE KeyboardAsus P458X MotherboardMB S940 AM2 MemoryDDR-1GB PC-400 Kingston Software Specification: Microsoft Windows XP †¢Microsoft SQL Server †¢Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 OPERATIONAL The Holy Child College of Information Technology Inc. Payroll System will be used by the HR Department and Finance Office once it will be installed. Payroll System will be operated by the HR personnel. The benefit will always goes to the departments and to the employees as well. We also make sure that the system is easy to us e and user friendly. ECONOMICAL Estimated cost of the Proposed Hardware and Software. Hardware ITEM/PART SPECIFICATION AMOUNT MonitorAOC 15†6,500 PrinterEpson LX-300+112,800 AVRUltra Power 300-220 v Black400 CD-ROM DriveLG2,500 ProcessorL775 Pentium D 3. 06 GHz9,295 MouseGenius Ps2450 Hard DiskSeagate 80G IDE5,400 KeyboardAsus P458X950 MotherboardMB S940 AM22,500 MemoryDDR-1GB PC-400 Kingston1,460 TOTAL 32,255php Software †¢Microsoft Windows XP(Licensed)5,500 †¢Microsoft SQL Server(Licensed)5,000 †¢Microsoft Visual Studio 2005(Licensed)5,500 TOTAL 32,255 php LOCAL RELATED LITERATURE Cagayan de Oro City Hall Computerized Payroll System The City Accounting Department has introduced an upgraded computerized ayroll system for permanent employees in a bid to improve its services and maximize resources. This project, which was conceived two years ago, basically aims to improve our services particularly in the processing of payrolls for permanent employees, City Accountant Wilma Polley-Rugay told payroll in-charge of the different departments and offices at City Hall during a briefing and orientation on the concept of the one-month payroll system held Friday last week at the City Council session hall in Cagayan de Oro City. With the added features of the new computerized payroll system, Rugay said the preparation, processing and payment of payroll system to permanent employees would be hastened and fast-tracked. Adopting of the one-month payroll system is also beneficial, not only to the City Accounting Department, but also to the payroll-in-charge as it would save time, energy and resources. Employees who handle payroll preparation and processing can now attend to other office needs and concerns as the new payroll system will lessen their workload, she added. Under the new payroll system, preparation and processing of payroll, which reflects the accrued, amount payable every 15th and 30th day of the month, done only once. Unlike the time-consuming old payroll system, preparation and processing of payroll is done twice a month covering the first half and second half of the month. (www. sunstar. com. ph) Computerized Payroll System of Department of Health (DOH) The Computerized Payroll System is a window based program especially designed to facilitate and simplify the monthly preparation of general payroll and related reports such as Standard computerized payroll system for use in all DOH offices, Allows faster and more accurate computation of monthly gross income, deductions and net salary, Faster and less-resource-consuming generation of General Payroll and other payroll related reports, Security and integrity of payroll data and information. The Features of computerized payroll system of DOH are Graphical User Interface, Interactive and menu-driven program, Systematic maintenance and retrieval of employee records, Flexible as it provides options to include additional fields for other compensation and deductions unique to an office or unit, Automatic omputation of monthly net income, GSIS, PAG-IBIG, Withholding Tax and other deductions, Y2K compliant, Fast and easy generation of the General Payroll and all other payroll related reports which include Monthly reports like GSIS and PAG-IBIG remittances, Denominations Report and Leave Credits Report and annual Year-end Tax Reports, Password security to ensure the integrity of data. General payroll reports such as Payroll Summary sheet, Pay slip, Leave Credits Report, Withholding Tax Statement (W-2), BIR Remittance Reports, GSIS Remittance Reports, PAG-IBIG Remittance Reports, Other User-defined Reports (PERA, ACA, PNB, etc.. ). (www2. doh. gov. ph) The proponents learned from this study that the Cagayan de oro and Department of Health has its own database for their employees. They stored the information of the employees to the database that represent each employee’s records as a separate persistent object. FOREIGN RELATED LITERATURE Titus Information Payroll System A Payroll System designed to produce payroll checks with appropriate withholdings, benefits, allowances, and deductions for employees in multiple companies, departments, and/or sub-departments. It has been designed to handle up to 1,000,000 employees in 100 companies, 1,000 departments in each company, and 36 sub-departments in each department. Some of the features and benefits of the Payroll System are multiple cost centers for payroll reporting, will handle special non-taxable benefits for ministers, flexible withholding capability, ability to split payroll expense between different cost centers, complete governmental reporting; FICA, FUTA, SUTA, Workmans Compensation, W-2s, and 1099s, Payroll check reversal, One check capability, Salaried, hourly, and contract employees in the same payroll run, Combined processing for weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly, or monthly, Taxable and non-taxable benefits and deductions, Multiple hourly rates for each employee, General ledger interface, Check list UFD file for check reconciliation, Extensive personnel information for each employee, Accrual of sick, vacation, and holiday hours, Flexible federal, state, and local taxation, Multiple company, department, and sub-department capability, Flexible benefit and deduction capability, Easy federal, state, and local tax table maintenance, Split income over multiple companies, departments, sub-departments, Payroll accrual/reversal capabilities, Time card data entry function, Special message function for printing on check stubs. (Www. titusinformationsystems. com) Canadian Payroll System Sage Accpac Canadian Payroll is a flexible module that gives you complete control over employee earnings and benefits, special payroll situations and government reporting, ensuring that your companys payroll requirements and personnel policies are accurate to the penny. You can enter or import timecards, enter after-the-fact paycheques, run automatic calculations or even combine all three methods to get your pay data into the system and your paycheques deployed on time. Payroll handles all pay frequencies; multiple work states; unlimited earnings, deductions, benefits and taxes; and other pay factors such as expense reimbursements, accruals and advances. (www. 2020software. com) CONCLUSION